Navigation, Right of Way and Boat Traffic - Rules for Passing Under a River Bridge

Types of Bridges and Their Impact on Boaters

Different types of bridges require different approaches when navigating. Some remain fixed in place, while others can open to allow taller vessels to pass through. Understanding the type of bridge you’re approaching will help you determine the best course of action.

Each type of bridge has its own procedures, and it's important to know whether a bridge is manually operated or automated before you approach.

The Importance of Knowing Bridge Clearance Height

Bridge clearance is the vertical distance between the waterline and the lowest part of the bridge. This measurement is critical because it determines if your boat can pass without issues. Clearance height varies depending on conditions like tide, water level, and the bridge’s design.

How Bridge Clearance Affects Boat Navigation

• Low tide vs. high tide: Some bridges list their vertical clearance at mean high water (MHW)—the average high tide level. Keep this in mind when determining if you can pass.
• Air draft: Your boat’s air draft (the height from the waterline to the highest point of the vessel) must be less than the bridge’s clearance.
• Fixed bridges vs. movable bridges: Fixed bridges have a set height, while others, like drawbridges and swing bridges, can open to allow boats through.

How to Determine If Your Boat Can Pass Under a Bridge

Check the Posted Clearance Before Approaching

• Look for clearance signs posted on the bridge structure.
• Verify the bridge’s vertical clearance using a navigation chart or apps like BoatUS.
• If in doubt, assume the lowest possible clearance, especially at high water.

Use Tools for Accurate Clearance Measurement

• Check the water level before approaching the bridge.
• Use a VHF channel to contact the bridge operator and confirm the clearance.
• Some boaters use a marked pole or a laser rangefinder to gauge height.
• Always calculate clearance before attempting to pass under bridges.

The Role of the Bridge Tender and How to Communicate

Many bridges have a bridge tender, also called a bridge operator, who oversees openings and monitors boat traffic. Knowing how to communicate with them is key.

How to Request a Bridge Opening

• Use VHF channel 13 or 16 to contact the bridge.
• State your boat’s name, location, and request (e.g., “This is Blue Wave, requesting the bridge to open.”)
• Wait for acknowledgment before proceeding.

What Happens If the Bridge Operator Can't Open the Drawbridge?

• Some bridges have restricted opening times during peak traffic hours.
• If you need an opening, plan ahead or wait for the scheduled opening time.
• Five short blasts on your horn signal a safety issue if communication fails.

Factors That Affect Bridge Clearance and Right of Way

Tides and Water Levels Impacting Bridge Clearance

• Low tide vs. high tide: At low tide, the clearance is greater, while high tide reduces space.
• Some bridges list a clearance at mean high water, which may not reflect real-time conditions.
• Low water levels can increase clearance and allow more vessels to pass.

The Vessel’s Height and Right of Way Considerations

• Powerboats vs. sailboats: A sailboat with a mast may require an opening, while a powerboat might fit without one.
• Who has the right of way? Generally, boats constrained by clearance have priority.

Navigating Bridges Safely: Best Practices for Every Boat

Reducing Your Speed Near a Swing Bridge or Drawbridge

• Slow down when approaching several bridges to avoid sudden stops.
• Maintain control and be ready to reverse if needed.

Maintain Vigilance and Follow Right of Way Rules

• Look for signs marking the bridge channel.
• Be aware of another boat approaching from the opposite side.

Special Considerations for Different Types of Boats

Sailboats with Tall Masts and Clearance Challenges

• A sailboat with a mast extending beyond the clearance height must request an opening.
• Verify bridge heights before heading out.

Powerboats Navigating Low Bridges and Tight Spaces

• Powerboats with a low clearance may be able to pass without waiting.
• Watch for navigational hazards near the bridge.

Understanding Bridge Design and Safety Considerations

• Bridge design impacts how boats pass through. Some have swing mechanisms, while others require a bridge to open.
• Knowing when a bridge was built helps determine its clearance height and design limitations.
• Some bridges have signals or gates to regulate boat passage and ensure safety.

Coast Guard Regulations and Boater Safety

• The Coast Guard oversees bridge operations in many waterways, enforcing rules that boaters may need to follow.
• Certain areas have designated lanes where vessels can pass safely.
• Always follow safety guidelines to avoid issues related to safety and right of way.

What to Do If Your Boat Can’t Pass Under the Bridge

Requesting a Bridge Opening vs. Finding Alternative Routes

• If you can’t pass under the bridge without an opening, use VHF to request assistance.
• Consider alternative routes if the bridge is open at limited times.
• Keep an eye on conditions toward the bridge to avoid delays.

Key Takeaways

• Always check the bridge clearance and your boat’s air draft before attempting to pass.
• Communicate with the bridge tender via VHF or horn signals.
• Plan your navigation according to tides, water levels, and bridge heights.
• Follow right of way rules and stay alert for other boaters.

Whether you're navigating a fixed bridge, drawbridge, or swing bridge, careful planning and communication ensure a smooth journey. Safe boating!